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Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study

Junying CHU, Hao WANG, Can WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 688-698 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0559-3

摘要： Reforms of the water pricing management system and the establishment of a flexible water pricing system are significant for cities in northern China to tackle their critical water issues. The WATAP (Water conservation Technology Adoption Processes) model is developed in order to capture the water conservation technology adoption process under different price scenarios with disaggregate water demands down to the end use level. This model is explicitly characterized by the technological selection process under maximum marginal benefit assumption by different categories of households. In particular, when households need to purchase water devices in the provision market with the consideration of complex factors such as the life span, investment and operating costs of the device, as well as the regulated water price by the government. Applied to Tianjin city, four scenarios of water price evolutions for a long-term perspective (from year 2011 to 2030) are considered, including BAU (Business As Usual), SP1 (Scenario of Price increase with constant annual rate), SP2 (Scenario of Price increase every four years) and SP3 (Scenario of Price increase with affordable constraint), considering many factors such as historic trends, affordability and incentives for conservation. Results show that on aggregate 2.3%, 11.0% and 18.2% of fresh water can be saved in the residential sector in scenario SP1, SP2 and SP3, respectively, compared with the BAU scenario in the year 2030. The water price signals can change the market shares of different water appliances, as well as the water end use structure of households, and ultimately improve water use efficiency. The WATAP model may potentially be a helpful tool to provide insights for policy makers on water conservation technology policy analysis and assessment.

关键词： technology selection model optimization water price scenario analysis consumer behavior

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中国工程科技2035技术预见研究

王崑声,周晓纪,龚旭

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第1期页码 34-42 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.01.006

摘要：

技术预见是一种致力于促进科技与经济、重大计划一体化，对远期技术发展进行的有步骤的探索过程。结合我国未来经济社会发展对工程科技的需求，在工程科技发展战略研究中引入技术预见，开展未来20年工程科技关键技术预测与选择。中国工程科技2035技术预见结合工程科技特点，设计了客观分析法与主观判断相结合的技术预见方法与应用流程，针对11个工程科技领域的800余项备选技术，提出了2035年我国工程科技各领域发展的关键技术、共性技术以及颠覆性技术，分析了关键技术的实现时间、发展水平与制约因素，为各领域制定面向2035工程科技发展技术路线图提供系统性的支撑。

关键词：技术预见工程科技 2035年关键技术选择实现时间

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Review on ranking and selection: A new perspective

L. Jeff HONG, Weiwei FAN, Jun LUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 321-343 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0152-6

摘要： In this paper, we briefly review the development of ranking and selection (R&S) in the past 70 years, especially the theoretical achievements and practical applications in the past 20 years. Different from the frequentist and Bayesian classifications adopted by Kim and Nelson (2006b) and Chick (2006) in their review articles, we categorize existing R&S procedures into fixed-precision and fixed-budget procedures, as in Hunter and Nelson (2017). We show that these two categories of procedures essentially differ in the underlying methodological formulations, i.e., they are built on hypothesis testing and dynamic programming, respectively. In light of this variation, we review in detail some well-known procedures in the literature and show how they fit into these two formulations. In addition, we discuss the use of R&S procedures in solving various practical problems and propose what we think are the important research questions in the field.

关键词： ranking and selection hypothesis testing dynamic programming simulation

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Control mode selection for modal control of long-span arch bridge

Zhengying LI, Zhengliang LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 401-406 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0052-z

摘要： For seismic control of arch bridge, a model reduction of long-span arch bridge was implemented based on modal analysis. As for the critical mode selection, an approach based on the maximum modal displacement was presented. This approach takes into consideration the effect of external seismic excitation and is more reasonable than only considering dynamic bridge characteristics based on a modal contribution ratio. The time domain and frequency domain analysis method were used to verify the simplified model of the Nimu arch bridge in Tibet as an example. The numerical results show that the method of maximal modal displacement better analyze long-span arch bridge when multisupport seismic excitation must be considered. The reduced-order system also is more in line with the performance of the original model.

关键词： selection reduced-order excitation long-span simplified

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Supplier selection and order splitting in multiple-sourcing inventory systems

WANG Guicong, JIANG Zhaoliang, LI Zhaoqian, LIU Wenping

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 23-27 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0016-3

摘要： Supplier selection and inventory control are critical decision processes in single-item multiple-supplier systems. An integer linear programming model is proposed to help managers determine the reorder level, choose the best suppliers, and place the optimum order quantities so that the total average inventory cost is minimum, and constraints of supplier ability, quality, and demand are considered. An algorithm combining the branch-bound algorithm and enumeration algorithm is developed to solve the problems. Application of the proposed model in an automobile industry shows that it is effective.

关键词： automobile industry branch-bound algorithm selection single-item multiple-supplier effective

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Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 289-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017155

摘要： Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago, thousands of years later than other domestic animals; however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilization, revolutionizing warfare and advancing agricultural production. Modern breeding using marker-assisted selection has greatly accelerated breeding progress. Therefore, identification of genetic markers underlying the traits of interest in domestic horses is the basis for the modern breeding system. In this review, we present an overview of genetic mapping studies and genome wide analyses to identify the genomic regions targeted by positive selection for four important aspects of horses, coat color, racing performance, gait and height at withers. The locus, for example, has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color, and the locus has been shown to control the muscle fiber growth in racing breeds. The missense mutation in is the causal mutation for the alternate gaits in horses. Height at withers, a quantitative trait, was mapped to four major loci (3:105547002, 6:81481064, 9:75550059 and 11:232597 32) that can explain 83% of the height variations in domestic horses.

关键词： horse coat color racing performance gait height

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汽车板精益成形技术

林忠钦,李淑慧,王武荣,来新民

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第11期页码 22-29

摘要：

建立了面向零件成形特征的合理选材方法，发明了高效的拉延筋阻力混合优化设计方法，构建了变压边力控制实验平台。从降低成形质量对材料和工艺过程波动敏感性的角度出发，研究面向材料和工艺参数随机波动的成形质量的稳健控制。形成了基于“合理选材、工艺优化、稳健设计”思想的汽车板精益成形技术体系。通过在宝钢股份和多家汽车厂10多年的成功应用，支持宝钢汽车板的市场占有率稳步达到50 %，有效地推动了国产汽车板使用技术的发展。

关键词：汽车板精益成形合理选材工艺优化稳健设计

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盾构法修建水下隧道的关键技术问题

孙谋,谭忠盛

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第7期页码 18-23

摘要：

结合武汉长江隧道等水下盾构隧道工程，对水下盾构施工合理覆盖层厚度、盾构类型及关键参数确定进行了分析。对水下盾构施工关键技术如开挖面稳定技术、预防泥水喷发技术、防止隧道上浮技术、盾构姿态控制技术、长距离掘进及盾构水中对接技术、盾构始发与到达技术等进行了归纳。

关键词：水下隧道盾构法覆盖层厚度盾构选型关键技术

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Case-based reasoning for selection of the best practices in low-carbon city development

Zhenhua HUANG, Hongqin FAN, Liyin SHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 416-432 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0036-1

摘要： Cities emit extensive carbon emissions, which are considered a major contributor to the severe issue of climate change. Various low-carbon development programs have been initiated at the city level worldwide to address this problem. These practices are invaluable in promoting the development of low-carbon cities. Therefore, an effective approach should be developed to help decision makers select the best practices from previous experience on the basis of the impact features of carbon emission and city context features. This study introduces a case-based reasoning methodology for a specific city to select the best practices as references for low-carbon city development. The proposed methodology consists of three main components, namely, case representation, case retrieval, and case adaption and retention. For city representation, this study selects city context features and the impact features of carbon emission to characterize and represent a city. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by applying it to the selection of the best practices for low-carbon development of Chengdu City in Sichuan Province, China.

关键词： low-carbon city carbon emission best practices case-based reasoning

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复杂艰险山区地质勘察及选线技术

何华武,曾强运

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第12期页码 9-12

摘要：

宜万铁路处于复杂艰险山区，其地形地质条件复杂，不良地质现象突出，简要介绍了宜万铁路地质问题特点、采取的综合地质勘察方法以及方案比选线等的相关情况，为类似工程的勘察及选线提供借鉴。

关键词：宜万铁路地质特点地质勘察地质选线

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Face recognition based on subset selection via metric learning on manifold

Hong SHAO,Shuang CHEN,Jie-yi ZHAO,Wen-cheng CUI,Tian-shu YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第12期页码 1046-1058 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500085

摘要： With the development of face recognition using sparse representation based classification (SRC), many relevant methods have been proposed and investigated. However, when the dictionary is large and the representation is sparse, only a small proportion of the elements contributes to the 1-minimization. Under this observation, several approaches have been developed to carry out an efficient element selection procedure before SRC. In this paper, we employ a metric learning approach which helps find the active elements correctly by taking into account the interclass/intraclass relationship and manifold structure of face images. After the metric has been learned, a neighborhood graph is constructed in the projected space. A fast marching algorithm is used to rapidly select the subset from the graph, and SRC is implemented for classification. Experimental results show that our method achieves promising performance and significant efficiency enhancement.

关键词： Face recognition Sparse representation Manifold structure Metric learning Subset selection

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Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023521

摘要：

● Score index methods readily discriminate genotypes adapted to a target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

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北京铁路地下直径线盾构选型及功能设计

韩亚丽,吕传田,张宁川

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 29-34

摘要：

根据隧道直径的大小和地质等条件，分析北京铁路地下直径线隧道工程盾构法施工中盾构设备选型考虑的因素及选择的机型，确定盾构机型配置的主要功能及对地质的适应性，并对盾构主要结构数据和配备能力进行了计算和描述。提出了盾构选型和设计中需要注意的事项和问题。

关键词：铁路地下直径线盾构选型盾构功能设计

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页岩气主要富集因素与核心区选择及评价

王社教,杨涛,张国生,李登华,陈晓明

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 94-100

摘要：

影响页岩气规模开发的因素很多，最核心的因素是首先要通过建立地质评价标准，选出页岩气核心区。核心区的确定关系到在页岩气勘探初期，是否能找准页岩气最富集的目标，选择最有利地区进行勘探，突破出气关，进而实现大规模经济开发。从页岩气成藏特征、页岩气富集因素分析入手，重点探讨我国富有机质页岩的丰度、成熟度、脆性矿物含量、含气性以及盖层等关键参数及其作用。借鉴北美页岩气勘探开发和研究成果，结合我国页岩气勘探开发和研究新进展，初步建立我国页岩气核心区地质评价标准，并优选出我国南方海相页岩气的核心区，指出四川盆地南部是我国最现实的页岩气开发区。

关键词：核心区选区与评价富集因素海相页岩页岩气

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宿主微生物组内的基因组突变——适应性进化或净化选择 Review

张家超, Rob Knight

《工程（英文）》 2023年第20卷第1期页码 96-102 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.018

摘要：

二代测序技术转变了人们评估宿主相关微生物区系和微生物组的分类组成功能的能力。未来10 年将会开展更多的人类微生物组研究，特别是那些探索微生物组内基因组突变的研究。本文聚焦于微生物组内菌株之间的共同进化，塑造了宿主肠道微生物种内和种间的菌株水平多样性。还探讨了微生物基因组突变与常见代谢疾病之间的关联，以及病原体和益生菌在入侵和定植过程中的适应性进化。最后，讨论了注释和分析微生物基因组突变方法和算法的研究进展。

关键词：肠道菌群基因组突变适应性进化净化选择单核苷酸变异